Tempering is a process of heat treating, which is used to increase the toughness of iron-based alloys. Tempering is usually performed after hardening, to reduce some of the excess hardness, and is done by heating the metal to some temperature below the critical point for a certain period of time, then allowing it to cool …
Honey crystallization the formation and growth of sugar crystals in a container of honey. Crystallization could be a natural action and not an indication of adulteration or spoilage. Because of its physical properties, honey at the start tends towards natural crystallization, as it is a supersaturated sugar solution. Honey is especially comprised of 2 sugars: …
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Heat treatment methods for carbon and alloy steel pipe contain four primary types: normalizing, annealing, quenching and tempering. It’ll improve steel material mechanical properties, uniform chemical composition, and machinability. Heat treatment for steel metal materials is divided into integral heat treatment, surface heat treatment and chemical heat treatment. Steel pipe usually adopts the integral heat …
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Microwaves (MWs) are electromagnetic (EM) waves, that are synchronized perpendicularly oscillations of electrical and magnetic fields that propagate at the speed of light during a free space. MWs are characterised by the frequency (between three hundred MHz and three hundred GHz) and therefore the wavelength (ranging from 1 m to 1 mm). According to the …
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Generally the term ‘ceramics’ (ceramic products) is utilized for inorganic materials with presumably some organic content, created from non-metallic compounds and made permanent by a firing method. In addition to clay primarily based materials, these days’ ceramics embrace a large number of products with a little fraction of clay or none at all. Ceramics may …
